作品介紹

雙語譯林:少年維特的煩惱


作者:歌德,楊武能      整理日期:2015-11-07 11:50:26

★讓拿破侖愛不釋手的小說
  ★德語書信體小說的開山之作
  ★德國文學(xué)史上劃時代的杰作
  ★問世以來暢銷全球,引發(fā)“維特?zé)帷?br/>  ★買中文版送英文版
  
本書簡介:
  《少年維特的煩惱》是用日記和書信體寫成的。維特來到一個小城,在一次舞會上,結(jié)識了一個名叫綠蒂的少女。他愛上了綠蒂。但綠蒂已與他人訂婚。維特看出已不能贏得綠蒂,毅然離去,接受了充任公使秘書的職務(wù)。公使的迂腐鄙陋和官僚惡習(xí)以及爾虞我詐的人際關(guān)系給維特帶來了莫大的痛苦,他便辭去這項(xiàng)公職,應(yīng)邀前往一位侯爵的莊園。然而在侯爵那里,維特發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的才能照舊無法施展。愛情破滅了,社會拋棄了維特,而維特也厭棄了一切。最后,在絕望中維特自殺。這部小說一出版就使年輕一代如癡如狂,有的與維特遭遇相仿的人甚至輕生而死。
  作者簡介:
 。
  約翰·沃爾夫?qū)ゑT·歌德(1749—1832),德國著名思想家、作家、博物學(xué)家。他十分博學(xué),涉獵廣泛,在諸多領(lǐng)域都取得了卓越的成就。他最著名的作品是書信體小說《少年維特的煩惱》、詩體哲理悲劇《浮士德》。
  譯者簡介:
  楊武能,重慶人,著名翻譯家,曾師從馮至,主修歌德研究。已出版《浮士德》、《少年維特的煩惱》、《格林童話全集》等經(jīng)典譯著三十余種,編著的《歌德文集》、《海涅文集》等十余種譯作影響深遠(yuǎn)。
  它(《少年維特的煩惱》)是歐洲文學(xué)的杰作之一。
  ——拿破侖·波拿巴
  這篇描寫熾熱而不幸的愛情的故事(《少年維特的煩惱》),其重要意義在于,它表現(xiàn)的不僅是一個人孤立的感情和痛苦,而是整個時代的感情、憧憬和痛苦。
  ——〔丹麥〕勃蘭兌斯
  關(guān)于可憐的維特的故事,凡是我能找到的,我都努力搜集起來,呈獻(xiàn)在諸位面前了;我知道,諸位是會感謝我的。對于他的精神和品格,諸位定將產(chǎn)生欽慕與愛憐;對于他的命運(yùn),諸位都不免一灑自己的同情淚。 而你,正感受著與他同樣煩惱的善良人呵,就從他的痛苦中汲取安慰,并讓這本薄薄的小書做你的朋友吧,要是你由于命運(yùn)的不濟(jì)或自身的過錯,已不可能有更知己的人的話。 第一編 一七七一年五月四日我多高興啊,我終于走了!好朋友,人心真不知是個什么東西!我離開了你,離開了自己相愛相親、朝夕不舍的人,竟然會感到高興!我知道你會原諒我。命運(yùn)偏偏讓我結(jié)識了另外幾個人,不正是為了來擾亂我這顆心么?可憐的蕾奧諾萊!但我是沒有錯的。她妹妹的非凡魅力令我賞心悅目,卻使她可憐的心中產(chǎn)生了痛苦,這難道怪得著我?然而——我就真的完全沒有錯嗎?難道我不曾助長她的感情?難道當(dāng)她自自然然地流露真情時,我不曾沾沾自喜,并和大家一起拿這原本不可笑的事情來取笑她么?難道我?……唉,這人啊真是一種慣會自怨自責(zé)的怪物!而我,親愛的朋友,我向你保證,我一定改弦更張,絕不再像已往那樣,總把命運(yùn)加給我們的一點(diǎn)兒痛苦拿來反復(fù)咀嚼回味,而要樂享眼前,過去了的就讓它過去。是的,好朋友,誠如你所說:人們要是不這么沒完沒了地運(yùn)用想象力去喚起昔日痛苦的回憶——上帝才知道為什么把人造成這個樣子——,而是多多考慮考慮如何挨過眼前的話,人間的痛苦本來就會少一些的。勞駕告訴我母親,我將盡力料理好她那件事,并盡快回信給她。我已見過我姑媽了,發(fā)現(xiàn)她遠(yuǎn)非我們在家里所講的那么個刁婆子,而是一位熱心快腸的夫人。我向她轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)了我母親對于扣下一部分遺產(chǎn)未分的不滿;她則對我說明了這樣做的種種理由和原因,以及要在什么條件下,她才準(zhǔn)備全部交出來,也就是說比我們要求的還多……簡單講,我現(xiàn)在還不想具體談什么;請轉(zhuǎn)告我母親,一切都會好起來的。就在這件小小的事情上,好朋友,我再次發(fā)現(xiàn)誤解與成見,往往會在世界上鑄成比詭詐與惡意更多的過錯。至少可以肯定,后兩者要罕見一些。再就是我在此間非常愉快。這個樂園一般的地方,它的岑寂正好是醫(yī)治我這顆心的靈丹妙藥;還有眼前的大好春光,它的溫暖已充滿我這顆時常寒栗的心。每一株樹,每一排籬笆上,都是繁花盛開;人真想變成一只金甲蟲,到那馥郁的香海中去遨游,去盡情地吸露吮蜜。城市本身并不舒適,四郊的自然環(huán)境卻說不出的美妙。也許這才打動了已故的M伯爵,把他的花園建在一座小丘上。類似的小丘在城外交錯縱橫,千姿百態(tài),美不勝收,丘與丘之間還構(gòu)成一道道幽靜宜人的峽谷;▓@布局單純,一進(jìn)門便可感覺出繪制藍(lán)圖的并非某位高明的園藝家,而是一顆渴望獨(dú)享幽寂的敏感的心。對于這座廢園的故主人,我在那間業(yè)已破敗的小亭中灑下了不少追懷的眼淚;這小亭子是他生前最愛待的地方,如今也成了我流連忘返的所在。不久我便會成為這花園的主人;沒幾天工夫看園人已對我產(chǎn)生好感,再說我搬進(jìn)去也虧待不了他。五月十日一種奇妙的歡愉充溢著我的整個靈魂,使它甜蜜得就像我專心一意地享受著的那些春晨。這地方好似專為與我有同樣心境的人創(chuàng)造的;我在此獨(dú)自享受生的樂趣。我真幸福啊,朋友,我完全沉湎在對寧靜生活的感受中,結(jié)果我的藝術(shù)便荒廢了。眼下我無法作畫,哪怕一筆也不成;盡管如此,我現(xiàn)在卻比任何時候都更配稱一個偉大的畫家。每當(dāng)我周圍的可愛峽谷霞?xì)庹趄v,杲杲的太陽懸掛在林梢,將它的光芒這兒那兒地偷射進(jìn)幽暗密林的圣地中來時,我便躺臥在飛泉側(cè)畔的茂草里,緊貼地面觀察那千百種小草,感覺到葉莖間有個擾攘的小小世界——這數(shù)不盡也說不清的形形色色的小蟲子、小蛾子——離我的心更近了,于是我感受到按自身模樣創(chuàng)造我們的全能上帝的存在,感受到將我們托付于永恒的歡樂海洋之中的博愛天父的噓息,我的朋友!隨后,每當(dāng)我的視野變得朦朧,周圍的世界和整個天空都像我愛人的形象似的安息在我心中時,我便常常產(chǎn)生一種急切的向往,啊,要是我能把它再現(xiàn)出來,把這如此豐富、如此溫暖地活在我心中的形象,如神仙似的呵口氣吹到紙上,使其成為我靈魂的鏡子,正如我的靈魂是無所不在的上帝的鏡子一樣,這該有多好啊!——我的朋友!——然而我真去做時卻會招致毀滅,我將在壯麗自然的威力底下命斷魂銷。 五月十二日不知是附近一帶有愚弄人的精靈呢,還是我自己異想天開,竟覺得周圍的一切都如樂園中一般美好。就在城外不遠(yuǎn)有一口井,我真像人魚美露西娜和她的姊妹似的迷上了它!铝艘蛔∏,來到一頂涼棚前,再走下二十步石階,便可見大理石巖縫中涌出一泓清澈的泉水。那繞井而筑的矮墻,那濃蔭匝地的大樹,那井泉周圍的清涼,這一切都有一股誘人的力量,令人怦然心悸。我沒有一天不去那兒坐上個把小時。常有城里的姑娘們來打水,這是一種最平凡又最必要的工作,古時候連公主們也親自做過的。每當(dāng)我坐在那兒,古代宗法社會的情景便活現(xiàn)在我眼前,我仿佛看見老祖宗們?nèi)墼诰,會友的會友,?lián)姻的聯(lián)姻;而在井泉四周的空中,卻飛舞著無數(shù)善良的精靈。呵,誰若無此同感,誰就必定從不曾在夏日的長途跋涉后,把令人神怡氣爽的清泉啜飲。 五月十三日你問需不需要寄書給我?——好朋友,我求你看在上帝分上,千萬別再拿它們來煩擾我吧。我不愿意再被指導(dǎo),被鼓舞,被激勵;我這顆心本身已夠不平靜的了。我需要的是催眠曲;而我的荷馬,就是一首很長很長的催眠曲。為了使自己沸騰的血液冷靜下來,我常常輕輕哼這支曲子;要知道你還不曾見過任何東西,像我這顆心似的反復(fù)無常,變化莫測喲,我的愛友!關(guān)于這點(diǎn)我對你毋須解釋;你不是已無數(shù)次地見過我從憂郁一變而為喜悅,從感傷一變而為興奮,因而擔(dān)驚受怕過么?我自己也把我這顆心當(dāng)作一個生病的孩子,對他有求必應(yīng)。別把這話講出去,傳開了有人會罵我的。 五月十五日本地的老鄉(xiāng)們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識我,喜歡我,特別是那班孩子們。起初,我去接近他們,友好地向他們問這問那,他們中有幾個還當(dāng)我是拿他們開心,便想粗暴地打發(fā)走我。我并不氣惱;相反只對一個我已多次發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況,有了切身的體會:就是某些稍有地位的人,總對老百姓采取冷淡疏遠(yuǎn)的態(tài)度,似乎一接近就會失去什么來著;同時又有一些輕薄仔和搗蛋鬼,跑來裝出一副紆尊降貴的模樣,骨子里卻想叫窮百姓更好地嘗嘗他們那傲慢的滋味。我清楚地知道,我與他們不是一樣的人,也不可能是一樣的人;但是,我認(rèn)為誰如果覺得自己有必要疏遠(yuǎn)所謂下等人以保持尊嚴(yán),那他就跟一個因?yàn)榕率《惚軘橙说呐撤蛞粯涌蓯u。最近我去井邊,碰到一個年輕使女,見她把自己的水甕擱在最低的一級臺階上,正在那兒東瞅瞅,西望望,等著同伴來幫助她把水甕頂?shù)筋^上去。我走下臺階,望著她!耙?guī)椭銌幔媚?”我問。她頓時滿臉通紅!班薏唬壬!”她道!皠e客氣!”她放正頭上的墊環(huán),我便幫她頂好水甕。她道過謝,登上臺階走了。PREFACEIhavecarefullycollectedwhateverIhavebeenabletolearnofthestoryofpoorWerther,andherepresentittoyou,knowingthatyouwillthankmeforit.Tohisspiritandcharacteryoucannotrefuseyouradmirationandlove:tohisfateyouwillnotdenyyourtears. Andthou,goodsoul,whosufferestthesamedistressasheendured once,drawcomfortfromhissorrows;andletthislittlebookbethyfriend,if,owingtofortuneorthroughthineownfault,thoucanstnotfindadearercompanion.BOOKIMAY4,1771HowhappyIamthatIamgone!Mydearfriend,whatathingistheheartofman!Toleaveyou,fromwhomIhavebeeninseparable,whomIlovesodearly,andyettofeelhappy!Iknowyouwillforgiveme.Havenototherattachmentsbeenspeciallyappointedbyfatetotormentaheadlikemine?PoorLeonora!andyetIwasnottoblame.Wasitmyfault,that,whilstthepeculiarcharmsofhersisteraffordedmeanagreeableentertainment,apassionformewasengenderedinherfeebleheart?AndyetamIwhollyblameless?DidInotencourageheremotions?DidInotfeelcharmedatthosetrulygenuineexpressionsofnature,which,thoughbutlittlemirthfulinreality,sooftenamusedus?DidInot—butoh!whatisman,thathedaressotoaccusehimself?MydearfriendIpromiseyouIwillimprove;Iwillnolonger,ashaseverbeenmyhabit,continuetoruminateoneverypettyvexationwhichfortunemaydispense;Iwillenjoythepresent,andthepastshallbeformethepast.Nodoubtyouareright,mybestoffriends,therewouldbefarlesssufferingamongstmankind,ifmen—andGodknowswhytheyaresofashioned—didnotemploytheirimaginationssoassiduouslyinrecallingthememoryofpastsorrow,insteadofbearingtheirpresentlotwithequanimity.BekindenoughtoinformmymotherthatIshallattendtoherbusinesstothebestofmyability,andshallgivehertheearliestinformationaboutit.Ihaveseenmyaunt,andfindthatsheisveryfarfrombeingthedisagreeablepersonourfriendsallegehertobe.Sheisalively,cheerfulwoman,withthebestofhearts.Iexplainedtohermymother’swrongswithregardtothatpartofherportionwhichhasbeenwithheldfromher.Shetoldmethemotivesandreasonsofherownconduct,andthetermsonwhichsheiswillingtogiveupthewhole,andtodomorethanwehaveasked.Inshort,Icannotwritefurtheruponthissubjectatpresent;onlyassuremymotherthatallwillgoonwell.AndIhaveagainobserved,mydearfriend,inthistriflingaffair,thatmisunderstandingsandneglectoccasionmoremischiefintheworldthanevenmaliceandwickedness.Atallevents,thetwolatterareoflessfrequentoccurrence.InotherrespectsIamverywelloffhere.Solitudeinthisterrestrialparadiseisagenialbalmtomymind,andtheyoungspringcheerswithitsbounteouspromisesmyoftentimesmisgivingheart.Everytree,everybush,isfullofflowers;andonemightwishhimselftransformedintoabutterfly,tofloataboutinthisoceanofperfume,andfindhiswholeexistenceinit.Thetownitselfisdisagreeable;butthen,allaround,youfindaninexpressiblebeautyofnature.ThisinducedthelateCountMtolayoutagardenononeoftheslopinghillswhichhereintersecteachotherwiththemostcharmingvariety,andformthemostlovelyvalleys.Thegardenissimple;anditiseasytoperceive,evenuponyourfirstentrance,thattheplanwasnotdesignedbyascientificgardener,butbyamanwhowishedtogivehimselfupheretotheenjoymentofhisownsensitiveheart.ManyatearhaveIalreadyshedtothememoryofitsdepartedmasterinasummer-housewhichisnowreducedtoruins,butwashisfavouriteresort,andnowismine.Ishallsoonbemasteroftheplace.Thegardenerhasbecomeattachedtomewithinthelastfewdays,andhewilllosenothingthereby. MAY10.Awonderfulserenityhastakenpossessionofmyentiresoul,likethesesweetmorningsofspringwhichIenjoywithmywholeheart.Iamalone,andfeelthecharmofexistenceinthisspot,whichwascreatedfortheblissofsoulslikemine.Iamsohappy,mydearfriend,soabsorbedintheexquisitesenseofmeretranquilexistence,thatIneglectmytalents.Ishouldbeincapableofdrawingasinglestrokeatthepresentmoment;andyetIfeelthatIneverwasagreaterartistthannow.When,whilethelovelyvalleyteemswithvapouraroundme,andthemeridiansunstrikestheuppersurfaceoftheimpenetrablefoliageofmytrees,andbutafewstraygleamsstealintotheinnersanctuary,Ithrowmyselfdownamongthetallgrassbythetricklingstream;and,asIlieclosetotheearth,athousandunknownplantsarenoticedbyme:whenIhearthebuzzofthelittleworldamongthestalks,andgrowfamiliarwiththecountlessindescribableformsoftheinsectsandflies,thenIfeelthepresenceoftheAlmighty,whoformedusinhisownimage,andthebreathofthatuniversallovewhichbearsandsustainsus,asitfloatsaroundusinaneternityofbliss;andthen,myfriend,whendarknessoverspreadsmyeyes,andheavenandearthseemtodwellinmysoulandabsorbitspower,liketheformofabelovedmistress,thenIoftenthinkwithlonging,oh,wouldIcoulddescribetheseconceptions,couldimpressuponpaperallthatislivingsofullandwarmwithinme,thatitmightbethemirrorofmysoul,asmysoulisthemirroroftheinfiniteGod!Omyfriend—butitistoomuchformystrength—Isinkundertheweightofthesplendourofthesevisions! MAY12.Iknownotwhethersomedeceitfulspiritshauntthisspot,orwhetheritbethewarm,celestialfancyinmyownheartwhichmakeseverythingaroundmeseemlikeparadise.Infrontofthehouseisafountain,—afountaintowhichIamboundbyacharmlikeMelusinaandhersisters.Descendingagentleslope,youcometoanarch,where,sometwentystepslowerdown,wateroftheclearestcrystalgushesfromthemarblerock.Thenarrowwallwhichenclosesitabove,thetalltreeswhichencirclethespot,andthecoolnessoftheplaceitself,—everythingimpartsapleasantbutsublimeimpression.NotadaypassesonwhichIdonotspendanhourthere.Theyoungmaidenscomefromthetowntofetchwater,—innocentandnecessaryemployment,andformerlytheoccupationofthedaughtersofkings.AsItakemyrestthere,theideaoftheoldpatriarchallifeisawakenedaroundme.Iseethem,ouroldancestors,howtheyformedtheirfriendshipsandcontractedalliancesatthefountain-side;andIfeelhowfountainsandstreamswereguardedbybeneficentspirits.Hewhoisastrangertothesesensationshasneverreallyenjoyedcoolreposeatthesideofafountainafterthefatigueofawearysummerday. MAY13.Youaskifyoushallsendmebooks.Mydearfriend,Ibeseechyou,fortheloveofGod,relievemefromsuchayoke!Ineednomoretobeguided,agitated,heated.Myheartfermentssufficientlyofitself.Iwantstrainstolullme,andIfindthemtoperfectioninmyHomer.OftendoIstrivetoallaytheburningfeverofmyblood;andyouhaveneverwitnessedanythingsounsteady,souncertain,asmyheart.ButneedIconfessthistoyou,mydearfriend,whohavesooftenenduredtheanguishofwitnessingmysuddentransitionsfromsorrowtoimmoderatejoy,andfromsweetmelancholytoviolentpassions?Itreatmypoorheartlikeasickchild,andgratifyitseveryfancy.Donotmentionthisagain:therearepeoplewhowouldcensuremeforit.MAY15.Thecommonpeopleoftheplaceknowmealready,andloveme,particularlythechildren.WhenatfirstIassociatedwiththem,andinquiredinafriendlytoneabouttheirvarioustrifles,somefanciedthatIwishedtoridiculethem,andturnedfrommeinexceedingill-humour.Ididnotallowthatcircumstancetogrieveme:IonlyfeltmostkeenlywhatIhaveoftenbeforeobserved.Personswhocanclaimacertainrankkeepthemselvescoldlyalooffromthecommonpeople,asthoughtheyfearedtolosetheirimportancebythecontact;whilstwantonidlers,andsuchasarepronetobadjoking,affecttodescendtotheirlevel,onlytomakethepoorpeoplefeeltheirimpertinenceallthemorekeenly.Iknowverywellthatwearenotallequal,norcanbeso;butitismyopinionthathewhoavoidsthecommonpeople,inordernottolosetheirrespect,isasmuchtoblameasacowardwhohideshimselffromhisenemybecausehefearsdefeat.TheotherdayIwenttothefountain,andfoundayoungservant-girl,whohadsetherpitcherontheloweststep,andlookedaroundtoseeifoneofhercompanionswasapproachingtoplaceitonherhead.Irandown,andlookedather.“ShallIhelpyou,prettylass?”saidI.Sheblusheddeeply.“Oh,sir!”sheexclaimed.“Noceremony!”Ireplied.Sheadjustedherhead-gear,andIhelpedher.Shethankedme,andascendedthesteps. 





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