醫(yī)學(xué)在古代中國作為“仁政”之學(xué)，受到宋代皇帝和政府的高度重視。宋代政府發(fā)展醫(yī)學(xué)的政策、措施和實(shí)施的醫(yī)學(xué)活動(dòng)，主要通過醫(yī)事詔令的形式體現(xiàn)出來。醫(yī)事詔令的制定、決策、發(fā)布與執(zhí)行，體現(xiàn)了宋代國家的意志與需要。本書以宋代皇帝發(fā)布的醫(yī)事詔令為研究對(duì)象，深入探討政府治理與醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系。
宋代政府對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)采取了積極扶持和重點(diǎn)發(fā)展的態(tài)度，先后發(fā)布了2813條醫(yī)事詔令，不僅數(shù)量龐大，而且內(nèi)容豐富。宋政府組織實(shí)施的醫(yī)學(xué)活動(dòng)，主要有前代醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)的校定，新醫(yī)學(xué)著作的編撰，針灸銅人的研發(fā)與鑄造，重大傳染性疫病的應(yīng)對(duì)，成藥的生產(chǎn)與買賣，海外香藥的輸入與管理，醫(yī)學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)的建立與管理，醫(yī)學(xué)教育的分科與改革，醫(yī)官的選任與磨勘，運(yùn)氣學(xué)理論的闡發(fā)與應(yīng)用，以及巫醫(yī)的控制與改造等。醫(yī)事詔令不僅成為宋代政府發(fā)展醫(yī)學(xué)的法律保障和政策依據(jù)，而且極大地促進(jìn)了10—13世紀(jì)中國醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步、創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。宋代皇帝和政府在醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展中，發(fā)揮了政策制定者、組織實(shí)施者和成效管理者的角色，在中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論、中醫(yī)文獻(xiàn)學(xué)、中醫(yī)傳染病學(xué)、中醫(yī)臨床學(xué)、中醫(yī)方劑學(xué)、中醫(yī)教育學(xué)、中獸醫(yī)學(xué)以及醫(yī)學(xué)管理等方面取得了突出的成就。
本書以科學(xué)社會(huì)史的研究理論與方法，探討了醫(yī)事詔令中所反映的與國家“仁政”思想和正統(tǒng)政治密切相關(guān)的醫(yī)學(xué)，在宋代政府的支持與治理下是如何得到發(fā)展的。不僅豐富了科學(xué)史研究的視野，而且也拓展了醫(yī)學(xué)史研究的內(nèi)容，具有較強(qiáng)的借鑒意義。
abstract
inancientchina,medicinewasregardedasakindofbenevolentgovernanceandreceivedseriousattentionfromemperorsandgovernments.themainmeansofdevelopingmedicinewasembodiedinmedicalimperialedicts,whoseformulation,releaseandexecutionreflectedthewillandchoiceofthecountry.thebooktakessongdynasty’smedicalimperialedictsastheresearchobjecttodiscussthepolicy,measurementandachievementofthegovernmentinmedicalaspect.
songdynasty’sgovernmenttookpositiveattitudestowardsmedicineandissued2813medicalimperialedicts,whichwasnotonlylargeinnumberbutalsorichincontent.thegovernmentorganizedlotsofmedicalactivitiesinthefollowingfields:thecalibrationofthepreviousmedicalliterature,thewritingofnewmedicalbooks,theresearchandcastingofbronzeacupuncturestatus，theresponsetomajorinfectiousdiseases,productionandsaleofpatentmedicine,themanagementofoverseaaromaticdrug,theestablishmentandmanagementofmedicalinstitutions,thespecilizationanddevelopmentofmedicaleducation,theselectionandassessmentofmedicalofficers,theapplicationofdoctrineoffiveevolutivephasesandsixclimaticfactors,aswellasthecontrolandreformofwitchdoctors,whichwereinaleadingpositioninthemedicalhistoryofancientchina.medicalimperialedictsnotonlyprovidedlawguaranteesandpolicybasisfornationalmedicaldevelopment,butalsogotmanyprominentachievementsinmedicalfields.
undergovernment,songdynastymedicinesawimportantdevelopments,innovationsandachievements,andwasinaleadingpositioninthehistoryofchineseancientmedicine.themaindisplayswerethefollowing:1)establishedarelativelycompletesystemofmedicineandmedicinedevelopmentenvironment;2)setuplotsofmedicalinstitutionandformedalargescalemedicalresearchteam;3)greatlyimprovedmedicalresearchlevelandinnovativeability,andsawsplendidachievements;4)brokethroughsomesignificantengineeringtechnology;5)benefittedcommonpeople;6)spreadofficialmedicinetosurroundingareas,andhadgreatimpacts.therewasastrongrelationshipbetweengovernmentandthedevelopmentandinnovationofmedicine.thetrendofspecialistandrefinementappearedinmedicalresearchandapplication.
thisbook,usingthetheoryandmethodofsocialhistoryofscience,putsfocusonthemedicinewhichhascloserelationshipwithbenevolentgovernanceandthestategovernment,thendiscussesitsdevelopmentunderthesupportandmanagementofthegovernment.itnotonlyenrichestheviewofsciencehistorystudy,butalsoexpandsthecontentofmedicalhistorystudy,therefore,ithasacertainreferenceva lue.
keywords:songdynasty；emperor；government；imperialedict；chinesemedicine
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